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Stephen or Steven is a masculine first name, derived from the Greek name (''Stéfanos''), in turn from the Greek word "στέφανος", meaning "wreath, crown, honour, reward", literally "that which surrounds or encompasses".〔(στέφανος ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 In ancient Greece, a wreath was given to the winner of a contest (from which the crown, symbol of rulers derived). The use of the noun was first recorded in Homer's ''Iliad''.〔(Homer, Iliad, 13.736 ), on Perseus〕 The name is significant to Christians: according to the Book of Acts in the New Testament, Saint Stephen was a deacon who was stoned to death and is regarded as the first Christian martyr. The name has many variants, which include ''Stephan'', ''Stevan'', ''Stefan'' and ''Stevon''. In Middle English, the name Stephen or Stephan was pronounced as a bi-syllabic word — Step-hen or Step-han — much like a Scandinavian surname. Steve was pronounced as it is in Modern English. This etymological usage began a decline in the mid-19th century. ''Steve'' is the common short form, while various diminutives such as ''Stevie'' and ''Ste'' are also used. Many family names are derived from Stephen: the most common are ''Stephens/Stevens'' and ''Stephenson/Stevenson'' (others include ''Stephen'', ''Stephan'', ''Staphan'', ''Stefan'', ''Stevin'' and ''Stever''). The name was ranked 201 in the United States in 2009, according to the Social Security Administration.〔(Popular Baby Names ), Social Security Online〕 The name reached its peak popularity in 1951 but remained very common through the mid-1990s, when popularity started to decrease in the United States. In the United Kingdom, it peaked during the 1950s and 1960s as one of the top ten male first names (ranking third in 1954) but had fallen to twentieth by 1984 and had fallen out of the top one hundred by 2002. The female version of the name is Stephanie. For Stephen as a surname see Stephen (surname), Stephenson and Stevenson. ==List of alternatives== * ''Esthapannose'' (Malayalam) * ''Estepan'' (Basque) * ''Estevan'' (old Spanish) * ''Esteban'' (Spanish, Filipino, Basque) * ''Estebe'' (Basque) * ''Estêvão'' (Portuguese) * ''Esteve'' (Catalan) * ''Estevo'' (Galician) * ''Étienne'' ("Estienne" is an archaic spelling), ''Stéphane'', ''Stefane'', ''Stephanne'' (French) * ''Êtiên'' (Vietnamese) * ''Extiban'' (Basque) * ''İstefanos'', ''Stefan'' (Turkish) * ''İstfan'', ''Stepan'' (Azeri) * ''István'' (Hungarian) * ''Ixtebe'' (Basque) * ''Kepano'', ''Kiwini'' (Hawaiian) * ''Stefan'', ''Shtjefën'', ''Fan'', ''Sven'' (Albanian language) * ''Sitiveni'' (Tongan, Fijian) * ''Staffan'', ''Stefan'' (Swedish) * ''Steafán'', ''Stíofán'', ''Stiofán'' (Irish) * ''Stefán'' (Icelandic) * ''Stefano'' (Esperanto) * ''Stefano'' (Italian) * ''Ștefan'', ''Ștefăniță'', ''Ștefănel'', ''Ștefănuț'' (Romanian) * ''Štefan'' (Slovak) * ''Štefan'' (Slovene) * ''Stefan'', ''Stefaan'', ''Stefanus'', ''Steven'', ''Stephan'' (Afrikaans, Dutch) * ''Stefan'', ''Stephan'', ''Steffen'' (German) * ''Stefan'', ''Szczepan'' (Polish) * ''Steffan'', ''Stifyn'', ''Stîfyn'' (Welsh) * ''Steffen'' (Norwegian) * ''Steffen'', ''Stephen'', ''Stefan'', ''Stephan'' (Danish) * ''Štěpán'' (Czech) * ''Stefanus'', ''Stephanus'' (Latin) * ''Stepans'', ''Stepons'' (Latvian) * ''Steponas'', ''Stepas'' (Lithuanian) * ''Stefan'', ''Steven'' (Breton) * ''Stiefnu'' (Maltese) * ''Stìobhan, Stìophan, Stèaphan'' (Scottish Gaelic) * ''Stjepan, Stipan, Stipe, Stipo, Stipa, Štef'', ''Stevko'',〔http://imehrvatsko.net/namepages/view/first_name/Stevko〕 ''Stevo''〔http://imehrvatsko.net/namepages/view/first_name/Stevo〕 (Croatian) * ''Tapani'', ''Teppana'', ''Teppo'' (Finnish) * ''Tehvan'' (Estonian) * ''Tipene'' (Māori) * Istifanous, إستفانوس, ستيف, ستيفن, اسطفان , Istifaan ستيفن, Stiifan (Arabic) * استیون (''Estiven''; Persian) * סטיבן (''Stiven''; Hebrew) * Στέφανος (''Stephanos'', ''Stefanos'', ''Stephanas'', ''Stepfan'', ''Stephano'', ''Stephanus'' Greek) * Степан, Стівен, Стефан (''Stepan, Stiven, Stefan'', Ukrainian; Стефан () is a more western Ukrainian usage) * Стефан (''Stefan''), diminutive: Чефо (''Chefo''), Стефчо (''Stefcho''), Стефо (''Stefo''), (Bulgarian) * Стефан/Stefan, Стеван/Stevan, Степан/Stepan, Стјепaн/Stjepan, Шћепан/Šćepan, Стево/Stevo, Стијепо/Stijepo, Шћепо/Šćepo, Стевица/Stevica (Serbian) * Стефан/Stefan, Стеван/Stevan, Шћепан/Šćepan (Montenegrin) * Стефан/Stefan, Стеван/Stevan, Стево/Stevo, Стефче/Stefche (Macedonian) * Степан/''Stepan'', Stepa, Stepane, Stepanya, Stepka, Stipan (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian) * Ստեփանոս, Ստեփան, (''Stepʿan, ''Stepanos, Stepan, Stepʿani, Stepʿanicʿ, Stepʿanov'' Armenian) * სტეფანე (''Stepane'', Georgian) * ஸ்டீபன், சுதீபன் (''Sṭīpan'',''Sudeipan'', Tamil) * スティーブン、スティーブ、スティーヴン (''Stiibun, Stiibu, Stiivun, Sutīvun, Sutībun''; Japanese) * 斯蒂芬, 史蒂芬 (''Sidifen, Shidifen''; Mandarin Chinese) * 스티븐 (''Seutibeun''; Korean) * સ્ટીફન (''Sṭīphana''; Gujarati) * स्टीफन (''Sṭīphana''; Hindi) * ಸ್ಟೀಫನ್ (''Sṭīphan''; Kannada) * स्टीफन (''Sṭīphana''; Marathi) * Стефен (''Styefyen''; Mongolian) * स्टीफन (''Sṭīphana''; Nepali) * ਸਟੀਫਨ (''Saṭīphana''; Punjabi) * స్టీఫెన్ (''Sṭīphen''; Telugu) * สตีเฟ่น (''S̄tīfèn''; Thai) * اسٹیفن (Urdu) * סטעפאנוסן (''Stʻpʼnwsn''; Yiddish) * ''Eapen (Malayalam) * ''Steephan'' (South Indian) * ''Steeve or Stephane and Stephanie for female'' (Québec) * ''İstfan, Stepan'' (Azeri) * ''Steffeni, Stefani, Stiifaat'' (Greenlandic) * ᔅᑏᕕᓐ (''Stiifin''; Inuktitut) * ''Ecen'' (Wolof) * ''Etiiviuq'' (Yup'ik) * ''uStefanu'' (Zulu) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stephen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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